New Research Links Enzyme Deficiency to Lupus Inflammation

The New England Journal of Medicine has posted a research correspondence exploring the role of DNASE1L3 — an enzyme that breaks down DNA — in systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus), an autoimmune condition in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. According to the journal, the research focuses on targeted degradation of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps), which are web-like structures released by white blood cells that, when not cleared properly, may contribute to the inflammation seen in lupus.

NETs are a normal part of the immune response — the body uses them to trap and kill bacteria. But in people with DNASE1L3 deficiency, the enzyme needed to break these structures down is absent or reduced, meaning the traps can accumulate and trigger the immune system to attack healthy tissue, according to the journal’s correspondence.

Lupus affects around 50,000 people in the UK, according to NHS estimates, and is markedly more common in women and in people of Black African, Caribbean, and Asian heritage. Symptoms can include joint pain, fatigue, skin rashes, and kidney problems — and the condition is typically managed rather than cured.

The research is categorised under rheumatology and genetics. It does not represent a clinical treatment yet, but correspondence published in the New England Journal of Medicine is peer-reviewed and reflects active areas of scientific inquiry.

Anyone in Kent experiencing symptoms that may suggest an autoimmune condition — persistent joint pain, unexplained fatigue, or unusual skin changes — should speak to their GP in the first instance. NHS 111 is available around the clock for urgent health queries that don’t require a 999 call.

Key information

• GP referral: Suspected autoimmune conditions are assessed by a rheumatologist following GP referral
• NHS 111: Call 111 any time for urgent but non-emergency health concerns
• Lupus UK helpline: 01708 731251 for support and information about living with lupus