Tropical Diseases Could Spread to UK as Climate Shifts, BMJ Warns

The BMJ has highlighted research predicting that climate change is altering the environment in ways that favour mosquitoes capable of carrying diseases rarely seen in the UK. Warmer, wetter conditions are expected to extend both the geographic range and the active season of certain mosquito species, bringing illnesses such as dengue fever and chikungunya — currently uncommon in Britain — closer to home.

Mosquito-borne diseases are those spread through the bite of an infected mosquito rather than through person-to-person contact. Most people in the UK who have contracted such illnesses in recent decades picked them up while travelling abroad.

But that picture may change.

The research does not suggest an imminent outbreak. It does indicate that the conditions which have historically kept tropical mosquito species from establishing themselves in the UK — cool summers, cold winters — are gradually becoming less reliable as a natural barrier.

At the same time, the NHS advises anyone returning from abroad with symptoms such as a high fever, severe headache, muscle pain, or a rash to contact NHS 111 or their GP promptly and to mention where they have been travelling. Early reporting helps clinicians identify unusual infections quickly.

For residents planning travel to regions where mosquito-borne diseases are already established, the NHS recommends using insect repellent containing DEET, sleeping under mosquito nets where appropriate, and checking travel health advice before departure.

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If you have recently returned from abroad and feel unwell, call NHS 111 or contact your GP. In a medical emergency, call 999.