GLP-1 Drugs Cut Heart and Kidney Risks in Diabetes and Obesity, Says Medical Journal

A review published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) has found that drugs known as GLP-1 receptor agonists — a class that includes medicines such as semaglutide, used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity — have shown reductions in cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) risk and can slow the progression of kidney failure in clinical trials. The NEJM posted the findings on its official account, directing readers to the full review.

GLP-1 receptor agonists work by mimicking a hormone that regulates blood sugar and appetite. According to the journal, trials have demonstrated benefits beyond blood sugar control, extending to the heart and kidneys — two organs that face serious long-term damage from poorly managed type 2 diabetes.

Side effects are mostly gastrointestinal. That means nausea, vomiting, or stomach discomfort — the complaints most commonly reported by patients in the trials reviewed by the journal.

These medicines are already prescribed across NHS Kent and Medway for eligible patients with type 2 diabetes, and NHS England has been expanding access to certain GLP-1 drugs for weight management through specialist services. Demand has at times outpaced supply, and the NHS has previously issued guidance to GPs about prioritising existing patients during shortage periods.

If you think you might be eligible for this type of medication — whether for diabetes or weight management — your GP is the right starting point. Don’t adjust or stop any existing medication without speaking to a clinician first.

Key information

• Speak to your GP if you have type 2 diabetes or obesity and want to know whether a GLP-1 medication might be appropriate for you
• NHS 111 (call or online) can advise on symptoms or concerns if you cannot reach your GP
• Do not stop prescribed medication without medical advice — call your GP surgery first